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ObjectiveThis study aims to understand the recognition of practitioners in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） hospitals on hospital-based health technology assessment （HB-HTA）， assessment needs， challenges， and suggestions， so as to provide references for the future work. MethodThe convenient sampling method was adopted to survey the relevant practitioners in TCM hospitals. The questionnaire included 39 questions in 4 dimensions and was distributed through the online platform Weijuanxing. ResultA total of 244 questionnaires were recovered， and the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS. The results showed that 137 practitioners were very familiar with HB-HTA and there was no significant difference in the recognition of practitioners in different occupations （F=0.251； P=0.778）. The practitioners in Hong Kong， Macao， and Taiwan had lower recognition than those in other regions. In terms of the assessment needs， 127 practitioners believed that it was very necessary to carry out HB-HTA in TCM hospitals in the future. Chinese patent medicines/Chinese herbal medicine decoction pieces （5.91） and TCM appropriate technology （5.57） had higher assessment priority scores. The assessment needs were high for the effectiveness （235 practitioners） and safety （224 practitioners） of health technology. The lack of specialized organization and standardized evaluation process system and the shortage of talents were considered to be the major challenges for the future development in this field. ConclusionThe stakeholders carrying out the health technology assessment in TCM hospitals had certain awareness of HB-HTA. Most practitioners believed that it was necessary to carry out HB-HTA in TCM hospitals in the future， while the work might face challenges such as the lack of organizations and system and the shortage of talents， which requires policy support.
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Objective:To discuss the role of rural-order tuition-waived medical students in grass-roots public health, and put forward pertinent suggestions for further improving the effectiveness of rural directional general practitioner training programs.Methods:Through interviews with 63 graduated rural-order tuition-waived medical undergraduates from rural primary medical institutions in Sichuan Province, the standard procedures of spindle encoding and content analysis were used to analyze the influence of the training effect of rural-order tuition-waived medical students on grass-roots public health services.Results:The results showed that the training effect of rural-order tuition-waived medical students mainly reflected in theoretical learning, practical work ability, future career planning and post-graduation education, among which the training effect of theoretical learning and practical work ability was better. Rural-order tuition-waived medical students played a positive role in grass-roots public health services, mainly in the protection of key populations, home prevention and management of the elderly and chronic diseases patients, and home prevention and management of children and pregnant women.Conclusion:The measures for rural-order tuition-waived medical students to provide grass-roots public health services should include that the supporting policies of the state and schools can be continuously improved and implemented, college teachers should pay more attention to the guidance of the humanistic spirit of general medical students, and the curriculum system construction of rural-order tuition-waived medical students should highlight the courses related to grass-roots and general medicine. In the process of student training, we should construct effective practical methods and strengthen post-employment continuing education.
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【Objective:】 To preliminary construct a scientific, systematic and applicable evaluation index system of the interest conflict for medical institutions ethics committee. 【Methods:】 Literature retrieval, interpretation of laws and regulations, expert group discussion and Delphi expert letter inquiry were used to screen indicators and determine the evaluation index system of interest conflict and the weight of various indicators. 【Results:】 The response rates of the two rounds of correspondence questionnaire were both 100%, the authority coefficient Cr values of the two rounds were 0.855 and 0.865, and the coordination coefficient W values of the two rounds were 0.817 and 0.826, which were statistically significant (P<0.05). The final formed system included 3 first-level indicators, 10 second-level indicators and 25 third-level indicators. 【Conclusion:】 The evaluation index system of interest conflict for medical institution ethics committee is scientific and reliable.
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Blockchain technology has the advantages of decentralization, secure sharing and tamper resistance, and high privacy, which can solve the current problem of sharing electronic medical records in medical institutions in China. A tertiary hospital established an electronic medical record sharing services convenience service platform based on blockchain in collaboration with China mobile gansu company in September 2021. The hardware architecture of the platform consisted of a hospital data warehouse, a local front-end computer and a blockchain platform. The functional architecture included platform front-end services, the blockchain electronic medical record archiving and service platform. The technical architecture included the underlying blockchain, service layer, interface layer and application layer, which was embedded with asymmetric encryption technology, hash algorithm, smart contract and other technical means, ensuring data ownership and on-demand, controllable, real-time and secure sharing of data. Since the operation of the platform in September 2021, as of October 2022, a tertiary hospital had accumulated 21 545 patient medical records on the chain. The overall operation of the platform was smooth, achieving reliable storage and secure sharing of patient electronic medical records, providing reference for further promoting the interconnection trusted sharing of electronic medical records in medical institutions in China.
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Objective:To construct a self-examination index system for hospital legal practice, and provide effective reference for the self-examination work of hospital practice in accordance with the law.Methods:From May 2021 to September 2022, a multi-dimensional and multi-level indicator system was initially constructed through literature review and expert interviews; Delphi expert consultation method was used to carry out a three-round questionnaire survey, experts were invited to assess the importance of indicators, and the weight values of indicators were processed by using analytic hierarchy process-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.Results:The Cs value of consulting experts′ familiarity with the survey content was 0.84, Ca value of judgment basis was 0.78, Cr value of authoritative evaluation was 0.81, and Kendall W value was 0.630. The index system of hospital self-examination included 5 first-level indexes, 19 second-level indexes, and 30 third-level indicators. The 5 first-level indicators included institutional practice, personnel practice, disinfection and prevention of infectious disease, online diagnosis and treatment, and anti-fraud insurance, with weights of 0.235, 0.186, 0.188, 0.185, and 0.206 respectively. Among the second-level indicators, the weights of rational use of medical insurance fund, internet hospital and internet diagnosis and treatment, organization qualification and practice behavior were the highest, with values of 0.206, 0.185, 0.122 and 0.113 respectively. Among the third-level indicators, the internet hospital physician qualification, whether the hospital had obtained the license to practice, cracking down on fraudulent insurance practices, real-name medical treatment, and reasonable and standardized use of health insurance costs had the highest weight, which were 0.185, 0.122, 0.076, 0.065, and 0.065, respectively. Conclusions:The self-examination index system of medical institutions is scientific, which could help the medical institutions to practice self-examination and ensure medical quality and safety.
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Objective:To translate the health literacy-sensitive communication scale into Chinese and examine its reliability and validity.Methods:Following Brislin′s translation principles, the HL-COM was translated and culturally adapted into Chinese. This cross-sectional study surveyed 434 outpatients and inpatients from three tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province using a questionnaire. Cronbach′s α coefficient and split half reliability were used to evaluate the reliability of the scale. Scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) and item-level content validity index (I-CVI) were used to evaluate the content validity. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the structural validity, while measurement equivalence across gender was examined.Results:The Chinese version of HL-COM contains 9 items, which was consistent with the original English version. Reliability of the scale: Cronbach′s ɑ Coefficient=0.938, Spearman-Brown half coefficient=0.926; Content validity: Scale-level content validity index (S-CVI)=0.926, Item-level content validity index (I-CVI) was 0.833-1.000; only one factor was extracted based on exploratory factor analysis, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 68.541%. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit, with the fitting indexes of ?χ2/df=2.794, Normed Fit Index (NFI)=0.974, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR)=0.025, Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI)=0.962, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)=0.089, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.983. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis indicated measurement invariance of the Chinese version of HL-COM across gender. Conclusion:The Chinese version of HL-COM demonstrates good reliability and validity, and serves as a valuable tool for assessing health literate in health care organization in China.
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Objective@#To investigate the detection of HIV/AIDS cases in medical institutions in Tianjin Municipality from 2005 to 2021, so as to provide insights into optimization of HIV antibody testing strategies in medical institutions.@*Methods@#All data pertaining to individuals receiving HIV antibody tests in medical institutions in Tianjin Municipality from 2005 to 2021 were collected from the information systems in medical institutions and the HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The positive rate of HIV antibody and epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases in medical institutions were analyzed.@*Results@#The number of HIV antibody tests increased from 86 102 person-times in 2005 to 1 369 345 person-times in 2021 in medical institutions in Tianjin Municipality, with annual increase by 18.88%. The positive rate of HIV antibody increased from 2.44/104 to 2.85/104 (P<0.05), with annual increase by 2.79/104. Both the proportion of the number of HIV antibody tests and the number of HIV/AIDS cases detected by medical institutions in the whole city appeared a tendency towards a rise (P<0.05). A high positive rate of HIV antibody was seen in sexually transmitted disease clinics (53.69/104) and other testing services (12.25/104), and the highest positive rate of HIV antibody was seen in individuals at ages of 20 to 39 years (5.40/104), while the positive rate of HIV antibody was higher in men (5.84/104) than in women (0.53/104) (P<0.05). A total of 3 610 HIV/AIDS cases were detected in medical institutions in Tianjin Municipality from 2005 to 2021, with a median age of 38 (interquartile range, 24) years. Of all HIV/AIDS patients, there were 3 277 men (90.78%), and men who have sex with men was the predominant transmission route (63.46%), while the proportion of late identification of HIV/AIDS cases was 65.60%. In addition, the proportion of timely detection for the first CD4+T lymphocyte count testing increased from 23.81% in 2005 to 71.54% in 2021 (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The number of HIV antibody tests and positive rate of HIV antibody appeared a tendency towards a rise in medical institutions in Tianjin Municipality from 2005 to 2021. The HIV/AIDS cases were predominantly identified in sexually transmitted disease clinics and other testing services, and were predominantly men.
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Objective To determine the current situation of radiological health management in medical institutions in Nanyang, China, to analyze existing problems and propose improvement measures, and to improve the management level of radiological diagnosis and treatment practice in medical institutions. Methods According to the work plan of the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Project in Henan Province, China, 66 medical institutions engaged in radiological diagnosis and treatment at different levels were selected for a questionnaire survey, in combination with on-site inspections, inquiries, and access to relevant materials. Results Of 66 medical institutions, 65 institutions held radiological diagnosis and treatment licenses, with a license holding rate of 98.5%. There were 17 “new construction, reconstruction, and expansion” projects, with an evaluation rate of 94.1%. In this survey, a total of 391 radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment were involved, and 387 units of equipment were tested for status, with a detection rate of 99.0% and a qualification rate of 94.8% (367/387); 55 units of equipment were tested for stability, with a detection rate of 14.1%; the workplace protection detection rate was 99.0%, and the qualification rate was 100%; 66 medical institutions had 1809 radiation workers, with an occupational health examination rate of 97.8%; 1262 people were trained, with a training rate of 95.7%; 1773 people were monitored for individual dose, with a monitoring rate of 98.0%. Conclusion Medical institutions should further strengthen management in licensing change, construction project evaluation, and equipment stability monitoring to improve the level of radiological health management.
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OBJECTIVE To compare and study the supporting policies for the filing man agement system of traditional Chinese medicine preparation prepared by traditional technology （hereinafter referred to as “TCM preparation ”）in medical institutions issued by the state and various provinces ，and their development ，so as to provide reference for the improvement of the follow-up supervision and management of the filing works. METHODS According to Announcement on the Filing Management of TCM Preparations Prepared by Medical Institutions Using Traditional Processes issued by former National Food and Drug Administration （hereinafter referred to as the Announcement）as well as notices and specific implementation rules issued by provincial bureaus ，the filing work data of 10 provinces in recent 3 years were selected for comparison ，sorting，statistics，classification and induction. The policy characteristics and progress of filing work were studied. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS According to the local actual situation，some provinces had refined or expanded the contents of several parts of the Announcement，such as the scope of TCM preparations，the situation not allowed to record ，the filing process and working time requirements ，the disclosure ，change and cancellation of filing information ，and the implementation of supervision and management. The statistical results of filing data in 10 provinces showed that compared with 2019，the number of TCM preparation declared for filing and medical institutions declared for filing had increased with growth rate of 91.0％ and 48.8％ respectively in 2020. There is still room for improvement in the supporting policies for the filing of TCM preparations ，which can be optimized by referring to the features of some provinces ’ implementation policies ，refining the construction of norms and standards ，and strengthening the construction of regulatory system platform. It is necessary to optimize policy and strengthen the capacity building of reporting institutions in advance ；carry out daily supervision and control risk based on risk during the filing management ；emphasize follow-up supervision ，strengthen the construction of ADR monitoring system in medical institutions ，and carry out life cycle supervision and management constructively afterwards，in order to promote the further development of TCM preparations in medical institutions.
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OBJECT IVE To deeply unders tand the utilization of monoclonal antibody drugs in different levels of medical institutions in China ，so as to provide an empirical basis for further promoting tiered healthcare delivery system. METHODS The basic informations of listed monoclonal antibody drugs in China as of May 2021 were collected through the official websites of government agencies such as National Medical Products Administration and National Healthcare Security Administration ，so as to understand the overall development status of monoclonal antibody drugs in China. The clinical utilization data of monoclonal antibody drugs in all categories of antitumor drugs and immune modulators were collected through “chemical drug terminal of Chinese public medical institutions ”database of Metnet ；the clinical application of monoclonal antibody drugs in medical institutions at different levels was analyzed. RESULTS As of May 2021，there were 53 monoclonal antibody drugs had been approved for listing in China ，including 31 imported monoclonal antibody drugs and 22 domestic monoclonal antibody drugs. From 2015 to 2019，the amount and quantity of monoclonal antibody drugs used in urban medical institutions were the highest among the three levels of medical institutions （both accounted for more than 95％ for five consecutive years ），but the growth rate of drug use in county-level medical institutions was the fastest. In 2019，the cumulative proportion of DDDs and drug amount of the top 10 monoclonal antibody drugs ranked in DDDs were the highest among county-level medical institutions ，being 97.09％ and 94.16％ respectively. From the change trend of DDDc of monoclonal antibody drugs from 2015 to 2019，DDDc of cetuximab decreased the most （70.32％），followed by trastuzumab （67.29％） and bevacizumab（62.89％）. From 2015 to 2019，the number of monoclonal antibody drugs with B/A value of no less than 1 ranked the top 10 of the annual cost were 6，6，6，7 and 5， respectively. CONCLUSIONS In China ，the overall approval and listing speed of monoclonal antibody drugs has accelerated，their quantity has increased rapidly ，and the accessibility is also improved. Among them ，the quantity of monoclonal antibody drugs has increased the fastest in county-level medical institutions ，and they are mainly medical insurance drugs ，and the effect of tiered healthcare delivery system has gradually appeared.
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OBJECTIVE To explore and establis h a general pharmacist system suitable for China ’s national conditions ，and to improve the rational use of drugs in primary medical institutions . METHODS Under the leadership of Tianhe District Health Bureau of Guangzhou ，relying on the regional pharmaceutical specialty alliance ，general pharmacist system of medical consortium was established ，and the general pharmacist was responsible for the overall planning of pharmaceutical care in the medical consortium. The joint management office of pharmaceutical care was established ，and the training of the pharmacists in the medical consortium was organized. A regional audit center was established to realize the prescription review of 13 community health service centers in the medical consortium. “Internet plus ”home pharmaceutical care was carried out ，and science popularization education was provided for communities ，schools，enterprises and institutions. RESULTS After systematic training and assessment ，three pharmacist teams had been successfully established in the medical consortium to provide prescription review ，science popularization and education and family pharmacist services for community residents ；the regional audit center successfully intercepted 17.17％ of unreasonable prescriptions ，reducing the amount of unreasonable drug use by a total of 6.56 million yuan. After the intervention of prescription review system ，the qualified rate of outpatient prescriptions in community health service centers was ≥95％，and the qualified rate increased by an average of 6％. The department of pharmaceutical science popularization and education held 35 science popularization and free clinic activities ，of which 71.20％ of the residents believed that the activities had improved their understanding of drugs. In addition ，111 cases patients serviced by home pharmaceutical care were carried out successfully by pharmacist team ，and the patients ’acceptance of pharmacist intervention was 91.89％ . CONCLUSIONS Under the new medical reform ，it is feasible to implement a regional general pharmacist system within the medical consortium ， which improves the pharmaceutical administration and pharmaceuticalcare capabilities of m edical institutions in the medical consortium，as well as the level of rational drug use ，and reduces the me dical burden.
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In order to improve the management level of medicine list of medical institutions in China ，and help medical institutions build a medicine list of medical institutions with reasonable drug use structure ，standardized adjustment procedures ， convenient operation and application and scientific evaluation methods ，so as to meet the needs of clinical rational drug use to the greatest extent ，with the support of the Pharmaceutical Care Professional Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association ， China-Japan Friendship Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China （Anhui Provincial Hospital ）jointly initiate and complete Guideline for the Evaluation of Medicine List in Chinese Medical Institutions jointly with a number of medical institutions. In strict accordance with the methodological requirements of World Health Organization standard guidelines ，based on the Delphi method ，the guideline formulation working group has constructed the quality evaluation index system and quantitative scoring table of medicine list management in medical institutions from the 5 dimensions of organization and management ，structure，adjustment，application and e valuation of the list. It is used to help medical institutions evaluate the quality of their medicine list management ，so asto play a positive role in the fine management of medicine list in medical institutions.
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OBJECTIVE To establish an evaluation syste m of clinical effec tiveness of Drug Selection Guideline for Medical Institutions，and to provide reference for drug selection in medical institution. METHODS Retrieved from relevant Chinese government websites ，PubMed，Embase，CBM and CNKI ，etc.，from the inception to Sept. 14th 2021，related contents of clinical effectiveness related to three secondary indicators ，such as “recommended level and strength of guideline ”“clinical pathway ”and “evidence and level of efficacy ”were extracted respectively ；evaluation system was construction for the clinical effectiveness. RESULTS A total of 5，4 and 17 policy documents or literatures were included according to “recommended level and strength of guideline”“clinical pathway ”and“evidence and level of efficacy ”，respectively.“The recommended level and strength of drug guideline”could reflect the clinical effectiveness of drugs ，and the evaluation content referred to the recommended level and strength of the selected drugs in the guidelines for corresponding indications. “Clinical pathway ”was the embodiment of drug effectiveness, and the evaluation content referred to the clinical path of whether the selected drugs were included in the corresponding indications. The evaluation contents of “evidence and level of efficacy ”were different between chemical medicine/ biological agent and Chinese patent medicine ；evidence and quality level of efficacy research for chemical medicine/biological agent referred to GRADE system ，while those for Chinese patent medicine referred to classic works or clinical experience inheritance. Therefore，the evaluation contents of this index system were the evidence and quality level of the efficacy research related to selected drugs. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation system of clinical effectiveness of drugs constructed from the perspective of drug selection in medical institutions can lay the foundation of evaluation system for the construction of Drug Selection Guideline for Medical Institutions ，and also provide reference for drug selection in medical institutions.
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Objective:To analyze the laboratory test results of two outbreaks of neonatal enterovirus infections in Guangdong Province in 2019 and the genetic characteristics of Echo11, aiming to provide reference for the prevention and control of neonatal enterovirus infections.Methods:The pathogenic specimens of neonatal cases suspected of enterovirus infection were collected. Fluorescence quantitative PCR and sequencing were used for enterovirus typing and identification, and virus isolation was carried out for positive specimens.The complete sequences of VP1 of Echo11 were amplified and sequenced and the phylogenetic analysis was performed using the bioinformatics software such as Danstar6, Bioedit7.09 and MEGA6.06.Results:A total of 93 specimens from 36 neonatal cases were collected. After identification, 55 specimens from 24 cases were positive for enterovirus, of which 23 cases were positive for Echo11 and one case was positive for Coxsackievirus B4(CVB4). A total of 29 enterovirus strains were isolated from the specimens of 19 cases, of which 28 were Echo11 from 18 cases, and one was CVB4. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nucleotide homology between the 18 strains of Echo11 in this study was 98.2%-100.0%, and the nucleotide homology between the Echo11 strains causing the two neonatal infections was 99.7%-100.0% and 99.8%-100.0%, respectively. Echo11 could be divided into six genotypes as A, B, C, D, E and F, in which genotype A and genotype C were further divided into A1-5 and C1-4, and genotype D could be divided into D1-5. The 18 strains of Echo11 in this study were all subtype D5.Conclusions:In 2019, two outbreaks of neonatal infections in medical institutions in Guangdong Province were caused by Echo11, which belonged to the genotype D5.
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@#<b>Objective</b> To investigate the number and categorical distribution of non-medical radiation institutions in Fujian Province, China, and to explore the current situation of radiation occupational hazards prevention and control and the occupational health management of radiation workers in employing units. <b>Methods</b> The industrial enterprises engaged in the application of nuclear technology in our province were investigated, and different types of employing units were selected to monitor the radioactivity level in the workplace. <b>Results</b> A total of 377 non-medical radiation institutions were reported in the province, with a total of 5221 radiation workers (except luggage detector units); 1246 radiation workers held radiation worker certificates, accounting for 23.87%; 5103 radiation workers carried out personal dose monitoring, accounting for 97.74%; 5061 radiation workers participated in radiation protection knowledge training, accounting for 96.94%; a total of 4895 (93.76%)radiation workers received physical examination. <b>Conclusion</b> Health supervision authorities in Fujian Province should strengthen the supervision of non-medical radiation institutions, further improve the level of occupational health management, and protect the health rights and interests of radiation workers to the maximum extent.
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@#Abstract: Objective To follow up and evaluate the stability testing status of γ stereotactic radiotherapy system (hereinafter γ knife WS 582-2017 Specifications for Testing of Quality Control in X and γ referred to ) in medical institutions based on the RayStereotactic Radiotherapy System WS 582-2017 Methods (hereinafter referred to ). A total of 43 medical institutions using γ knife and 54 medical physics personnel were recruited as the research subjects by random sampling method. Based on the - - standard tracking evaluation method, we followed up the evaluation of γ knife stability testing based on WS 582 2017. Results - Only 66.7% of the 54 subjects preformed WS 582 2017 in their daily work. Only 30.2% (all were tertiary hospital) of 43 medical institutions were equipped with complete quality control and testing equipment. The implementation rate of γ knife stability test was 67.4%, and it was not carried out in strict accordance with the test events and test cycle requirements - specified in the WS 582 2017. There were incomplete test events, incomplete records or test cycles that did not meet the Conclusion standard requirements in γ knife stability test. Medical institutions did not carry out γ knife stability tests in strict - accordance with the projects and cycle required by the WS 582 2017. The reasons are related to medical institutions are not equipped with complete testing equipment, the personnel are lack of understanding of relevant national standards, the poor publicity and implementation of the standards, the lack of standardized training channels and inadequate health supervision.
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Objective:To stimulate innovation vitality, the government promulgated the Pilot Implementation Plan for Granting Scientific and Technological Achievements Ownership or Long- term Use Right to Scientific Research Investigators. As one of the 40 pilot institutions, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital attached great attention to it and, through the exploration and practice of pilot work, combined with the transformation of medical institutions' achievements Status quo, summarized the experiences of job scientific and technological achievements empowerment. Methods:Explored the mechanism and mode to empower researchers with the ownership or long-term right of service invention according to the policy review and case studies.Results:Developed hospital-level empowerment reform program and related supporting documents, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital has completed the first empowerment work in Beijing.Conclusions:The reform of empowering scientific and technological achievements gives a new pathway to transform scientific and technological achievements in medical institutions, which will promote the transformation process of service invention-creation.
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Objective:To analyze the application status and problems of clinical decision support system(CDSS) in medical institutions in China, and put forward corresponding suggestions.Methods:From April to May in 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted in 1 013 medical institutions in 31 provinces of China. The contents of the questionnaire included the current situation of CDSS installation and deployment, the purpose of establishment, the source of knowledge base, the content to be optimized and the factors hindering the use.Results:199(19.64%) medical institutions had CDSS, among which 123 were used in the whole hospital and 76 in some departments; 426 medical institutions did not use CDSS, but had plans to use it. It was found that the current CDSS system had setbacks, such as big cognitive difference, lack of authority in knowledge, high difficulty in data governance, lack of industry standards and so on.Conclusions:In the future, the standardized use of CDSS in medical institutions could be promoted from the aspects of raising awareness, establishing knowledge authority and establishing standards.
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Objective:Based on the analysis of case report and case series studies involving COVID-19 pregnant women in China, we aimed to discuss the updated management requirements for publication of scientific papers at hospitals in the new circumstances and context.Methods:The case report and case series studies published by domestic scholars in the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak were retrieved. Bibliometrics were used to analyze the research time, research content and research objects of the included literatures.Results:Nearly 200 cases (55%) of the 360 cases of COVID-19 pregnant women could not be clearly excluded from the possibility of repeated reporting. However, all these cases were not disclosed in the paper for possible repeated report.Conclusions:Potential repeated report problem may cause trouble for later meta-analysis, which also may have negative impact for the development of clinical guidelines. The departments of scientific research management at hospital should pay more attention to the management of patient′s data in scientific papers, so that it can better serve the accurate assessment of disease characteristics and epidemic situation, as well as the scientific formulation of clinical guidelines and control strategies.
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Objective:To evaluate the detection accuracy of hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological markers among grassroots medical institutions in the demonstration areas of infectious diseases.Methods:A fixed sampling method was used among the followed-up hepatitis B cohort in general population of six infectious disease demonstration areas nationwide. Blood samples of chosen objects were collected, in which HBsAg and anti-HBs were tested by grassroots medical institutions and were also parallely tested by the third-party platform. The test results were compared between the two groups. Statistical analyses were conducted by SAS 9.4 software.Results:A total of 5 756 and 5 263 samples of HBsAg and anti-HBs were successfully tested, respectively. Comparing the results of HBsAg and anti-HBs from grassroots medical institutions with the results from the third platform, the agreement of HBsAg and anti-HBs was 97.13% and 77.33%, respectively. The Kappa value was 0.56 (95% CI 0.50-0.62) for HBsAg and 0.54 (95% CI 0.52-0.56) for anti-HBs, respectively; and the McNemar tests indicated the difference between the results (all P<0.01). There were also significant differences in agreement of testing results with the third platformin among different regions ( P<0.05 or <0.01). The Kappa values indicated that Jiangsu province and Guangdong province had high accordance rates of HBsAg (0.87 and 0.81, respectively), and Gansu province and Guangdong province had high accordance rates of anti-HBs (Both were 0.74). Regarding the results from the third platform as the standard, the sensitivity of HBsAg testing in grassroots medical institutions was moderate (40.51%) and the specificity was well (99.96%). The sensitivity of anti-HBs testing was substantial (73.18%) and the specificity was well (84.31%). Guangdong province (Youden index: 0.69) and Jiangsu province (Youden index: 0.80) had high identification ability for HBsAg, and for indicator of anti-HBs, Gansu province (Youden index: 0.78) and Guangdong province (Youden index: 0.76) had high identification ability. Conclusion:There are certain differences in results of HBV serological markers tests between the grassroots medical institutions in the demonstration areas of infectious diseases and the third platform. Current testing strategies in grassroots medical institutions are suitable for identifying people without hepatitis B infection, while it is necessary to pay attention to the situation of potential false negative error.